Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown clade] Biota J.R. Wagner, 2004 [J. Wiemann et al., 2020]
           neomura T. Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               discaria T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021)
                 dorsates T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021)
                   podiates T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012)
                     [crown clade] Amorphea S.M. Adl et al., 2012 [A.G.B. Simpson et al., 2020]
                       [crown clade] Obazoa M.W. Brown et al., 2013, nom. cl. nov.
                         [crown clade] Opisthokonta T. Cavalier-Smith, 1987 [A.G.B. Simpson & M. Medina, 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                           Holozoa B.F. Lang et al., 2002
                             filozoa K. Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008, nom. cl. nov.
                               Animalia C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                 [node-based clade] Planulozoa A. Wallberg et al., 2004, nom. cl. nov.
                                   [branch-based clade] Bilateria (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
                                     Nephrozoa U. Jondelius et al., 2002, nom. cl. nov.
                                       [branch-based clade] Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                         [branch-based clade] Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                           Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
                                             [Gnathostomata C. Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates] see Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874
                                               [Pisces (C. Linnaeus, 1758) [paraphyletic] - fishes]
                                                 [†Pituriaspida Young, 1991] see Order Pituriaspida Young, 1991