Kingdom [Animalia] Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
   Subkingdom Metazoa Haeckel, 1874 see Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758
     Division Eumetazoa Butschli, 1910 see Subkingdom Eumetazoa Butschli, 1910
       Subdivision Bilateralia
         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
             Class Aves Linnaeus, 1758 - birds see Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
               Subclass Neornithes Gadow, 1893 see Clade Neornithes Gadow, 1893
                 Order Sphenisciformes Sharpe, 1891
                   Family Spheniscidae Bonaparte, 1831 - penguins
                     Genus Spheniscus Brisson, 1760
                       1 Spheniscus demersus (Linnaeus, 1758) - jackass penguin
                       2 Spheniscus magellanicus (Forster, 1781) - Magellanic penguin
                       3 Spheniscus humboldti Meyen, 1834 - Humboldt penguin
                       4 Spheniscus mendiculus Sundevall, 1871 - Galapagos penguin