plants Haeckel (1866) - plants
   Division Charophyta Migula (1889) - charophyte algae and embryophytes see charophytes
     Subdivision [Streptophytina] see [unranked] Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt (2004)
       Class Equisetopsida C.Agardh (1825) - horsetails see Subclass Equisetidae Warm. (1883)
         Vascular Plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998)
           [Seed-Plants; Spermatophyta]
             Subclass Magnoliidae Novák ex Takht. (1967) - angiosperms
               [Magnoliids] see Clade Magnoliidae Takhtajan 1967 [Judd, Soltis & Soltis 2020]
                 Order Piperales Bercht. & J.Presl (1820)
                   1 Family Saururaceae F.Voigt (1811), nom. cons. - lizard's-tail family
                   2 Family Piperaceae Giseke (1792), nom. cons. - pepper family
                   3 Family Aristolochiaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. - birthwort family