Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
   Class Aves Linnaeus, 1758 - birds see Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
     Subclass Neornithes Gadow, 1893 see Clade Neornithes Gadow, 1893
       Superorder Neognathae Pycraft, 1900 see Cohort Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
         Order Charadriiformes Huxley, 1867 - shorebirds, gulls, auks
           Suborder Lari Sharpe, 1891 - gulls and allies
             Family Laridae Vigors, 1825 - gulls, terns and skimmers
               Subfamily Larinae Vigors, 1825 - gulls
                 1 Genus Gabianus Bonaparte, 1853 see Genus Larus Linnaeus, 1758
                 2 Genus Pagophila Kaup, 1829
                 3 Genus Larus Linnaeus, 1758
                 4 Genus Rhodostethia MacGillivray, 1842
                 5 Genus Xema Leach, 1819
                 6 Genus Rissa Stephens, 1826
                 7 Genus Creagrus Bonaparte, 1854