Domain Eucaryota
   Subdomain Chlorota Doweld (2001)
     Kingdom Chlorobiota C.Jeffrey ex Doweld (2001) - plants see Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981)
       Subkingdom Pteridobiotina Britton & A. Br. (1896)
         Superphylum Cycadophytanae Doweld (2001)
           Phylum Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996) see Infraphylum Angiospermae auct.
             Subphylum Magnoliophytina Reveal (1996)
               Class Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843)
                 Subclass Rutidae Doweld (2001)
                   Superorder Geranianae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
                     Order Ledocarpales Doweld (2001) see Order Geraniales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl (1820)
                       1 Family Vivianiaceae Klotzsch (1836), nom. cons. prop. see Family Francoaceae A.Juss. (1832), nom. cons.
                       2 Family Ledocarpaceae Meyen (1834) see Family Francoaceae A.Juss. (1832), nom. cons.
                       3 Family Rhynchothecaceae A.Juss. (1848) see Family Francoaceae A.Juss. (1832), nom. cons.