Neornithes Gadow, 1893 - living birds
   Neognathae Pycraft 1900 see Cohort Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
     Neoaves Sibley et al. 1988 see Subcohort Neoaves Sibley et al., 1988
       [Order] Passeriformes Linnaeus, 1758
         oscines see Suborder Oscines
           Passerida - passeridans see Parvorder Passerida (C. Linnaeus, 1758) Sibley et al., 1988
             Passeroidea
               Family Fringillidae Leach, 1820 - finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers
                 Subfamily Drepanidinae
                   Genus Hemignathus Lichtenstein, 1839
                     ‡Hemignathus obscurus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) - hawaiian 'akialoa see Akialoa obscura (J.F. Gmelin, 1788)