living organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryotae see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
       Subkingdom Eumetazoa Butschli, 1910 see [unranked] Eumetazoa Bütschli, 1910
         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
             Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 - mammals
               Subclass Theria Parker & Haswell, 1897
                 Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872
                   Order Rodentia Bowdich, 1821 - rodents
                     Suborder Hystricomorpha Brandt, 1855
                       Superfamily Octodontoidea Waterhouse, 1839
                         Family Echimyidae Gray, 1825 - spiny rats
                           Subfamily Echinyinae nom. null. see Subfamily Echimyinae Gray, 1825
                             Genus Echimys Cuvier, 1809 - arboreal spiny rats