Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [[crown] organisms] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           [Domain Eucaryota]
             [Subdomain Chlorota Doweld (2001)]
               [Kingdom Peridiniobiota Starobogatov ex Doweld (2001)]
                 [Subkingdom Peridiniobiotinaᵀ Doweld (2001)]
                   [Phylum Peridiniophytaᵀ Engl. (1909)]
                     [Subphylum Syndiniophytina Fensome, Taylor, Norris, Sarjeant, Wharton & Williams (1993) [monotypic]]