Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
   Gnathostomata
     Teleostomi
       Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 [paraphyletic] - bony fishes see [unranked] Euteleostomi
         Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
           Infraclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923 see Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
             Division Teleostei Müller, 1845 see Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
               Subdivision Euteleostei Greenwood et al., 1966 see Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Greenwood et al., 1966)
                 Superorder Ostariophysi Jordan & Evermann, 1896 see Subcohort Ostariophysi Sagemehl, 1885
                   Order Characiformes Goodrich, 1909 - characins
                     01 Family Characidae - characins
                     02 Family Erythrinidae - trahiras
                     03 Family Xiphostomatidae
                     04 Family Hepsetidae
                     05 Family Cynodontidae
                     06 Family Lebiasinidae
                     07 Family Parodontidae
                     08 Family Gasteropelecidae - freshwater hatchetfishes
                     09 Family Prochilodontidae
                     10 Family Curimatidae
                     11 Family Anostomidae
                     12 Family Hemidontidae see Family Hemiodontidae
                     13 Family Chilodontidae Eigenmann, 1903
                     14 Family Distichodontidae
                     15 Family Citharinidae
                     16 Family Ichthyoboridae see Family Distichodontidae