Domain Eucaryota
   Subdomain Chlorota Doweld (2001)
     Kingdom Chlorobiota C.Jeffrey ex Doweld (2001) - plants see Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981)
       Subkingdom Pteridobiotina Britton & A. Br. (1896)
         Superphylum Cycadophytanae Doweld (2001)
           Phylum Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996) see Infraphylum Angiospermae auct.
             Subphylum Magnoliophytina Reveal (1996)
               Class Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843)
                 Subclass Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994) see Subclass Asteridae Takht. (1967)
                   Superorder Dipsacanae Takht. (1997) see Order Dipsacales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl (1820)
                     Order Desfontainiales Takht. (1997) [monotypic] see [unranked] campanulids
                       Family Desfontainiaceae Endl. (1873), nom. cons. see Family Columelliaceae D.Don (1828), nom. cons.