plants Haeckel (1866) - plants
   Division Charophyta Migula (1889) - charophyte algae and embryophytes see charophytes
     Subdivision [Streptophytina] see [unranked] Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt (2004)
       Class Equisetopsida C.Agardh (1825) - horsetails see Subclass Equisetidae Warm. (1883)
         Vascular Plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998)
           [Seed-Plants; Spermatophyta]
             Subclass Magnoliidae Novák ex Takht. (1967) - angiosperms
               1 Order Amborellales Melikyan, A.V.Bobrov & Zaytzeva (1999) [monotypic]
               2 Order Nymphaeales Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl (1820)
               3 Order Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               4 [Magnoliids] see Clade Magnoliidae Takhtajan 1967 [Judd, Soltis & Soltis 2020]
               5 Order Chloranthales Mart. (1835) [monotypic]
               6 Monocotyledons see Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1967)
               7 Order Ceratophyllales Link (1829) [monotypic]
               8 'Eudicots' [Dicotyledons s.s.] see Clade Eudicotyledoneae Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]