Phylum Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996) see Infraphylum Angiospermae auct.
   Class Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843) see Subclass Magnoliidae Novák ex Takht. (1967)
     Subclass Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994) see Subclass Asteridae Takht. (1967)
       Superorder Aralianae Takht. (1967) see Order Apiales Nakai (1930)
         Order Helwingiales A. Takhtajan (1997) see Order Aquifoliales Senft (1856)
           1 Family Helwingiaceae Decne. (1836)