Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
   Gnathostomata
     Teleostomi
       Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 [paraphyletic] - bony fishes see [unranked] Euteleostomi
         Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
           Infraclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923 see Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
             Division Teleostei Müller, 1845 see Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
               Subdivision Euteleostei Greenwood et al., 1966 see Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Greenwood et al., 1966)
                 Superorder Acanthopterygii Rosen & Patterson, 1969 see [unranked] Acanthopterygii Rosen & Patterson, 1969
                   Series Percomorpha see Division Percomorphacea Wiley & Johnson, 2010
                     01 Order Beryciformes Günther, 1880 - alfonso squirrelfishes
                     02 Order Zeiformes Rafinesque, 1810 - dories
                     03 Order Lampriformes - opahs see Order Lampridiformes Goodrich, 1909, orth. inval.
                     04 Order Gasterosteiformes Gill, 1872 - sticklebacks
                     05 Order Syngnathiformes Berg, 1940 see Suborder Syngnathoidei
                     06 Order Synbranchiformes [monotypic] - swamp eels
                     07 Order Indostomiformes [monotypic]
                     08 Order Pegasiformes [monotypic] - dragonfishes see Order Gasterosteiformes Gill, 1872
                     09 Order Dactylopteridae Carroll, 1988, nom. null. [monotypic] see Order Dactylopteriformes Jordan, 1923
                     10 Order Scorpaeniformes Bloch, 1789 - mail-cheeked fishes
                     11 Order Perciformes Rafinesque, 1810 - perches
                     12 Order Pleuronectiformes Bleeker, 1859 - flatfishes
                     13 Order Tetraodontiformes Berg, 1937 - plectognaths