Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                 Clade natates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                   Clade photaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                     Clade eucorta Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                       Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878 - corticates
                         Kingdom Chromista Caval.-Sm. (1981) - chromists
                           Subkingdom Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010
                             [crown] Clade Sar Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson & Dunthorn 2020]
                               Infrakingdom Halvaria Cavalier-Smith, 2010
                                 Superphylum Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991
                                   Phylum Miozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1987
                                     Subphylum Myzozoa Cavalier-Smith & Chao, 2004
                                       Infraphylum Dinozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1981
                                         Superclass Dinoflagellata Bütschli, 1885
                                           Class Dinophyceae Pascher (1914)
                                             Subclass Gymnodiniphycidae Fensome, F.J.R. Taylor, G. Norris, Sarjeant, Wharton & G.L. Williams (1993)
                                               Order Brachidiniales A.R. Loebl. ex Sournia (1984) [monotypic]
                                                 Family Brachidiniaceaeᵀ Sournia (1972)
                                                   1.1 Genus Brachidiniumᵀ F.J.R. Taylor (1963)
                                                   1.2 Genus Asterodinium Sournia (1972)
                                                   1.3 Genus Microceratium Sournia (1972)
                                                   2 Genus Gynogonadinium F. Gómez (2007)
                                                   3.1 Genus Karenia Gert Hansen & Moestrup (2000)
                                                   3.2 Genus Karlodinium J. Larsen (2000)
                                                   3.3 Genus Takayama de Salas, Bolch, L. Botes & Hallegr. (2003)
                                                   4 Genus Pavillardia Kof. & Swezy (1920)
                                                   5 Genus Pseliodinium Sournia (1972)
                                                   6 Genus Torodinium Kof. & Swezy (1921)