Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade "neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
Clade neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
Clade scotokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 2000
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Class †Acanthodii Owen, 1846
Genus †Acanthodius
.1 Genus †Gemuendolepis Gross, 1973
.2 Genus †Gomphacanthus Davis, 1884
.3 Genus †Homacanthus Agassiz, 1845
.4 Genus †Machaeracanthus Newberry, 1857
.5 Genus †Nodocosta Gross, 1940
.6 Genus †Nodonchus White, 1961
.7 Genus †Oracanthus Agassiz, 1837
1 [plesion] Genus †Obtusacanthus Hanke & Wilson, 2004
2.1 [plesion] Genus †Lupopsyroides Hanke & Wilson, 2004
2.2.1 [plesion] Genus †Lupopsyrus Bernacsek & Dineley, 1977
2.2.2 Genus †Granulacanthus Hanke, Wilson & Lindoe, 2001, incertae sedis
2.2.3 Order †Climatiiformes Berg, 1940 [paraphyletic?]
2.2.3.n.1 Order †Ischnacanthiformes Berg, 1940
2.2.3.n.2 Order †Acanthodiformesᵀ Berg, 1940