Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Biota
"neomura"
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
"neokaryotes" - mitochondrial eukaryotes
"neozoa"
"scotokaryotes" Cavalier-Smith, 1999
"podiates" Cavalier-Smith, 2013
Amorphea Adl et al., 2012
Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Epitheliozoa Ax, 1996
Eumetazoa Bütschli, 1910 - eumetazoans
Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Superphylum Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908 - deuterostomes
[crown] Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
[crown] Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Zittel, 1879 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes
[crown] Actinopteri Cope, 1871
Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
Supercohort Teleocephala de Pinna, 1996
Cohort Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al., 1966
Order Osteoglossiformesᵀ Berg, 1940 - bonytongues
[crown] Suborder Osteoglossoideiᵀ
Family Osteoglossidaeᵀ - bonytongues and arapaimas
01 Genus †Chandlerichthys Grande, 1986, incertae sedis
02 Genus †Chanopsis Caster, 1961, incertae sedis
03 Genus †Foreyichthys Taverne, 1979, incertae sedis
04 Genus †Joffrichthys Li & Wilson, 1996, incertae sedis
05 Genus †Laeliichthys Silva Santos, 1985, incertae sedis
06 Genus †Monopteros Volta, 1796, incertae sedis
07 Genus †Musperia Sanders, 1934, incertae sedis
08 Genus †Nieerkunia Su Dezao, 1992, incertae sedis
09 Genus †Opsithrissops Daniltshenko, 1968, incertae sedis
10 Genus †Paradercetis Casier, 1965, incertae sedis
11 Genus †Phareodusichthys Gayet, 1991, incertae sedis
12 Genus †Sinoglossus Su Dezao, 1986, incertae sedis
13 Genus †Thrissopterus Heckel, 1856, incertae sedis
14 Subfamily Osteoglossinaeᵀ