Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
"neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
scotokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 2000
podiates Cavalier-Smith 2012 [nom. cl. nov.]
Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [nom. cl. nov.]
Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004 [nom. cl. nov.]
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002 [nom. cl. nov.]
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
[crown] Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Zittel, 1879 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes
[crown] Actinopteri Cope, 1871
Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
Supercohort Teleocephala de Pinna, 1996
Cohort Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al., 1966
Order Osteoglossiformesᵀ Berg, 1940 - bonytongues
[crown] Suborder Osteoglossoideiᵀ
Family Osteoglossidaeᵀ Bonaparte, 1845 - bonytongues and arapaimas
01 Genus †Chandlerichthys Grande, 1986, incertae sedis
02 Genus †Chanopsis Caster, 1961, incertae sedis
03 Genus †Foreyichthys Taverne, 1979, incertae sedis
04 Genus †Joffrichthys Li & Wilson, 1996, incertae sedis
05 Genus †Laeliichthys Silva Santos, 1985, incertae sedis
06 Genus †Monopteros Volta, 1796, incertae sedis
07 Genus †Musperia Sanders, 1934, incertae sedis
08 Genus †Nieerkunia Su Dezao, 1992, incertae sedis
09 Genus †Opsithrissops Daniltshenko, 1968, incertae sedis
10 Genus †Paradercetis Casier, 1965, incertae sedis
11 Genus †Phareodusichthys Gayet, 1991, incertae sedis
12 Genus †Sinoglossus Su Dezao, 1986, incertae sedis
13 Genus †Thrissopterus Heckel, 1856, incertae sedis
14 Subfamily Osteoglossinaeᵀ