Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [[crown] organisms] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           [Domain Eucaryota]
             [Subdomain Chlorota Doweld (2001)]
               [Kingdom Chlorobiota C.Jeffrey ex Doweld (2001) - plants] see Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981)
                 [Subkingdom Pteridobiotina Britton & A. Br. (1896)]
                   Superphylum Pteridophytanaeᵀ Doweld (2001)
                     [Phylum Pteridophytaᵀ Schimp. (1879)] see Phylum Filicinophyta
                       1 [Class Osmundopsida Doweld (2001) [monotypic]] see Order Osmundales Bercht. & J.Presl (1820)
                       2 [†"early fernlike plants"] see Order Coenopteridales Delevoryas & Morgan
                       2 [Class Matoniopsida Doweld (2001) [monotypic]] see Order Gleicheniales Link (1833)
                       3 "eusporangiates" - eusporangiate ferns
                       3 [Class Hymenophyllopsida Doweld (2001) [monotypic]] see Order Cyatheales A.B.Frank (1877)
                       4 [Class Gleicheniopsida Doweld (2001)] see Order Gleicheniales Link (1833)
                       4 "leptosporangiates" - leptosporangiate ferns
                       5 Class Schizaeopsida Doweld (2001) [monotypic]
                       6 [Class Marsileopsida Trevis. (1877)] see Order Salviniales Link (1833)
                       7 [Order †Heroleandrales Krassilov & Golovn. (2000), incertae sedis [monotypic]] see Order Salviniales Link (1833)
                       8 [Class Pteridopsidaᵀ Ritgen (1828)] see Order Polypodiales Link (1833)
                       9 [Class Cyatheopsida Doweld (2001)] see Order Cyatheales A.B.Frank (1877)