Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
   Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
     Pisces
       Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes
         Order Perciformes Rafinesque, 1810 - perches
           Family Istiophoridae Rafinesque, 1815 - billfishes and marlins