vascular plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998) euphyllophytes see Clade Euphyllophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020] 1 spermatophytes - seed plants see Class Spermatopsida 2 monilophytes - ferns see Clade Monilophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Doyle, Cantino & Donoghue 2020]