living organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryotae see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
       Subkingdom Eumetazoa Butschli, 1910 see [unranked] Eumetazoa Bütschli, 1910
         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
             Class Aves Linnaeus, 1758 - birds see Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
               Subclass Neornithes Gadow, 1893 see Clade Neornithes Gadow, 1893
                 Superorder Impennes see Superorder Passerimorphae Sibley et al., 1988
                   Order Sphenisciformes Sharpe, 1891
                     Family Spheniscidae Bonaparte, 1831 - penguins
                       1 Genus Aptenodytes Miller, 1778
                       2 Genus Pygoscelis Wagler, 1832
                       3 Genus Eudyptes Vieillot, 1816
                       4 Genus Spheniscus Brisson, 1760