living organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryotae see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
       Subkingdom Eumetazoa Butschli, 1910 see [unranked] Eumetazoa Bütschli, 1910
         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
             Class Aves Linnaeus, 1758 - birds see Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
               Subclass Neornithes Gadow, 1893 see Clade Neornithes Gadow, 1893
                 Superorder Neognathae Pycraft, 1900 see Cohort Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
                   Order Charadriiformes Huxley, 1867 - shorebirds, gulls, auks
                     01 Suborder Charadrii Huxley, 1867 - shorebirds see Order Charadriiformes Huxley, 1867
                     02 Suborder Lari Sharpe, 1891 - gulls and allies
                     03 Suborder Alcae Sharpe - auks see Superfamily Laroidea Vigors, 1825
                     04 Family Jacanidae Stejneger, 1885 - jacanas
                     05 Family Rostratulidae Ridgway, 1919 - painted-snipe
                     06 Family Haematopodidae Gray, 1840 - oystercatchers see Family Haematopidae Bonaparte, 1838
                     07 Family Charadriidae Vigors, 1825 - plovers
                     08 Family Scolopacidae Vigors, 1825 - sandpipers, snipe
                     09 Family Recurvirostridae Bonaparte, 1831 - stilts, avocets
                     10 Family Phalaropodidae Bonaparte, 1831
                     11 Family Dromadidae Gray, 1840 - crab plover
                     12 Family Burhinidae Mathews, 1912 - thick-knees
                     13 Family Glareolidae Brehm, 1831 - coursers, pratincoles
                     14 Family Thinocoridae Gray, 1845 - seedsnipes
                     15 Family Chionidae Lesson, 1828 - sheathbills and allies see Family Chionididae Lesson, 1828
                     16 Family Stercorariidae Gray, 1870 - skuas
                     17 Family Laridae Vigors, 1825 - gulls, terns and skimmers
                     18 Family Rynchopidae Bonaparte, 1838 - skimmers
                     19 Family Alcidae Vigors, 1825 - auks