Authorship

SN2000 author citation	:			Murray, 1968/1980, nom. approb., stat. praeinit.
Original name	:			Murray, 1968: 252.

Etymology

Greek πρό, before.	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 41.
Greek karyon, seed.	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 41.
Greek karyon, kernel.	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 41.
Greek karyon, nucleus.	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 41.

Attributes

Pre-starting-point rank (stat. inval.[: praeinit.]) [ICNP, 2023: p. 1, Rules 5B, 8 (domain/kingdom, <2024)]				Ref: S.J. Brands (comp.), 1989-present. Syst. Nat. 2000: 24 Feb 2026.
Approved name (Approved Lists: nom. approb.) [ICNP, 2019: Rules 24a, 33b]				Ref: N.R. Krieg & J.G. Holt (eds.), 1984. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore and London: 35 ("AL").

Variants

Pre-starting point name	:	Procaryotae (Kingdom) Murray 1968 nom. inval.		Ref: S.J. Brands (comp.), 1989-present: 31 May 2026.
Different rank	:	Prokarya (Superkingdom)
Different rank	:	Prokaryota (Domain)

Synonyms

Accepted name	:	Bacteria (Kingdom) Cavalier-Smith 1998 nom. inval.		Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 39.
Including (pro parte)	:	Bacteria (Domain) Woese et al. 1990 stat. inval.