Entity:

Authorship

SN2000 author citation	:	(T. Cavalier-Smith, 1992 ex) T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002, nom. illeg., nom. rej.
Unavailable original name & spelling	:	Cavalier-Smith, T. 1992. In D.J. Chadwick & J. Whelan (eds.), CIBA Foundation Symposium (no. 171): tbl. 2 (p. 70). [phylum, nom. inval.].
Original name, rank & spelling	:	Cavalier-Smith, T. 2002a. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52: tbl. 1 (p. 10: "(Cavalier-Smith, 1992a; emend. 1998) classis nov.").
Description/Diagnosis in English	:	op. cit.: tbl. 1 (p. 10: "Description").

Etymology

Greek (subst.) hades, hell.

Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002a: tbl. 1 (p. 10). ("because they can resist extremes of heat or radiation")

Type order: not validly published (nom. illeg.) [ICNP, 2022: Rules 22, 27(3) ([sub]class; <2023)]				Ref: LPSN, 2020-present. LPSN: [26 Nov 2025] ("Rainey and Da Costa 2001").
Rejected name (nom. rej.) [ICNP, 2019: Rule 56a]				Ref: G.M. Garrity et al. 2011. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61: 2779 [Minute 22(1)(iii)]. [new] [implicit]
Rejected name (nom. rej.) [ICNP, 2019: Rule 56a]				Ref: B.J. Tindall, 2014. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 64 (10): 3599. [new]

Type, by original designation

Thermales (Order) Rainey and da Costa 2001 nom. inval.

Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002a: tbl. 1 (p. 10). [new]

Former rank

Hadobacteria (Phylum) Cavalier-Smith 1992 nom. inval.

Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002a: tbl. 1 (p. 10); 26 Nov 2025. [new] [inferred]