Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                 Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                   Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
                     Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
                       Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
                         Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                           Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                             Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
                               Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                     Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                       Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                           Subphylum Craniata auct.
                                             Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
                                               Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
                                                 Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
                                                   [crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
                                                     [crown] Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
                                                       Subclass Euselachii Hay, 1902 - sharks, rays, and related fossils
                                                         Infraclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838
                                                           Division Batomorphi - rays
                                                             Order Rajiformes Berg, 1940 - skates
                                                               Family Arhynchobatidae Fowler, 1934 - softnose skates
                                                                 01 Genus Arctoraja Ishiyama, 1958
                                                                 02 Genus Arhynchobatisᵀ Waite, 1909 [monotypic]
                                                                 03 Genus Atlantoraja Menni, 1972
                                                                 04 Genus Bathyraja Ishiyama, 1958
                                                                 05 Genus Irolita Whitley, 1931
                                                                 06.1 Genus Notoraja Ishiyama, 1958
                                                                 06.2 Genus Brochiraja Last & McEachran, 2006
                                                                 06.3 Genus Insentiraja Yearsley & Last, 1992
                                                                 07 Genus Pavoraja Whitley, 1939
                                                                 08 Genus Psammobatis Günther, 1870
                                                                 09 Genus Pseudoraja Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954 [monotypic]
                                                                 10 Genus Rhinoraja Ishiyama, 1952
                                                                 11 Genus Rioraja Whitley, 1939 [monotypic]
                                                                 12 Genus Sympterygia Müller & Henle, 1837