living organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryotae see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
       Subkingdom Eumetazoa Butschli, 1910 see [unranked] Eumetazoa Bütschli, 1910
         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
             Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
               Subclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838 - shark-like fishes
                 Cohort Euselachii Hay, 1902 - spined sharks and relatives see Infraclass Euselachii Hay, 1902
                   Subcohort Neoselachii Compagno, 1977 - modern sharks and rays see Cohort Neoselachii Compagno, 1977
                     Superorder Batoidea - rays see Subdivision Batoidea
                       Order Myliobatiformes Compagno, 1973 - stingrays
                         Superfamily Dasyatoidea Whitley, 1940
                           1 Family Dasyatidae Jordan, 1888 - stingrays
                           2 Family Pomatotrygonidae nom. null. see Family Potamotrygonidae Garman, 1877
                           3 Family Urolophidae Müller & Henle, 1841 - round stingrays
                           4 Family Gymnuridae Fowler, 1934 - butterfly rays