Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [[crown] organisms] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           [Domain Eucaryota]
             [Subdomain Chlorota Doweld (2001)]
               [Kingdom Chlorobiota C.Jeffrey ex Doweld (2001) - plants] see Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981)
                 [Subkingdom Pteridobiotina Britton & A. Br. (1896)]
                   Superphylum Pteridophytanaeᵀ Doweld (2001)
                     [Phylum Pteridophytaᵀ Schimp. (1879)] see Phylum Filicinophyta
                       [Class Pteridopsidaᵀ Ritgen (1828)] see Order Polypodiales Link (1833)
                         [Subclass Pterididaeᵀ Schmakov (2001) [monotypic]]
                           [Order Pteridalesᵀ Doweld (2001)] see Order Polypodiales Link (1833)
                             [Family Vittariaceae Ching (1940) - shoestring ferns] see Subfamily Adiantoideae Horvat (1927)
                               [Genus Oetosis Kuntze]
                               [Genus Pleurofossa Nakai ex H.Itô]
                               [Genus Taeniopsis J.Sm.]
                               [Genus Vaginopteris]