Mammaliaformes Rowe 1988, nom. cl. inval. see Clade Mammaliaformes Rowe 1988 [Rowe 2020]
   [crown] Mammalia Linnaeus 1758 [Rowe 1988], nom. cl. inval. see Clade Mammalia Linnaeus 1758 [Rowe 2020]
     Theriimorpha Rowe 1993
       Theria Parker & Haswell 1897 [McKenna 1975] see Subclass Theria Parker & Haswell, 1897
         Eutheria Gill 1872 [O'Leary, Allard, Novacek, Meng & Gatesy 2004] see Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872
           Placentalia Owen 1837 [O'Leary, Allard, Novacek, Meng & Gatesy 2004] see Cohort Placentalia Owen, 1837
             Epitheria McKenna 1975
               Afrotheria Stanhope, Waddell, Madsen, de Jong, Hedges, Cleven, Kao & Springer 1998 see Magnorder Afrotheria Stanhope, Waddell, Madsen, de Jong, Hedges, Cleven, Kao & Springer, 1998
                 Colbertia O'Leary, Bloch, Flynn, Gaudin, Giallombardo, Giannini, Goldberg, Kraatz, Luo, Meng, Ni, Novacek, Perini, Randall, Rougier, Sargis, Silcox, Simmons, Spaulding, Velazco, Weksler, Wible & Cirranello 2013
                   Pan-Paenungulata
                     Paenungulata Simpson, 1945 see Grandorder Paenungulata Simpson, 1945
                       Pan-Tethytheria O'Leary, Bloch, Flynn, Gaudin, Giallombardo, Giannini, Goldberg, Kraatz, Luo, Meng, Ni, Novacek, Perini, Randall, Rougier, Sargis, Silcox, Simmons, Spaulding, Velazco, Weksler, Wible & Cirranello 2013
                         1.1[21] †Simpsonotus praecursor Pascual et al., 1978
                         1.2 †Thomashuxleya externa Ameghino, 1901
                         2.1.1 †Carodnia feruglioi Simpson, 1935
                         2.1.2 †Carodnia vieirai Paula Couto, 1952
                         2.2.1[26] †Eritherium azzouzorum Gheerbrant, 2009
                         2.2.2 Tethytheria McKenna 1975