living organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryotae see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
       Subkingdom Thallobionta
         Division Chlorophycota see Phylum Chlorophyta Pascher (1914)
           Class Chlorophyceae Wille (1884) - chlorophytes
             Order Zygnematales - filamentous conjugates and saccoderm desmids
               Suborder Desmidiineae see Order Desmidiales
                 Family Desmidiaceae Kützing ex Ralfs (1845)
                   Genus Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (1848)
                   Genus Euastrum Ehrenb. ex Ralfs (1848)
                   Genus Micrasterias C.Agardh ex Ralfs (1848)
                   Genus Staurastrum Meyen ex Ralfs (1848)
                   Genus Staurodesmus Teiling (1948)
                   Genus Xanthidium Ehrenb. ex Ralfs (1848)