Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade "neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
                 Clade neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
                   Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878
                     Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
                       Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants
                         Infrakingdom Streptophyta C. Jeffrey (1967)
                           Superphylum Charophyta Migula (1890) [monotypic]
                             Phylum Charophytaᵀ Rabenhorst (1863) [paraphyletic]
                               Class Conjugatophyceae sedis mutabilis
                                 Order Desmidiales - placoderm desmids
                                   1.1 Family Peniaceae Haeckel (1894) [paraphyletic]
                                   1.1.n Family Gonatozygaceae
                                   1.2 Family Closteriaceae A. Pritch. (1872)
                                   2 Family Desmidiaceaeᵀ Kützing, 1833 ex Ralfs (1845)