Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Protostomia Grobben, 1908
Superphylum Spiralia Schleip, 1929
Clade Platytrochozoa Struck, Wey-Fabrizius, Golombek, Hering, Weigert, Bleidorn, Klebow, Iakovenko, Hausdorf, Petersen, Kück, Herlyn & Hankeln 2014
Clade Lophotrochozoa Halanych, Bacheller, Aguinaldo, Liva, Hillis & Lake 1995 - lophotrochozoans
Clade Trochozoa Beklemischev, 1944 - trochozoans
Clade Tetraneuralia Wanninger 2009
Phylum Mollusca Linnaeus, 1758 - molluscs
Subphylum Conchifera Gegenbauer, 1878
Ganglioneura Rudophi, 1812
Clade Pleistomollusca Kocot, Cannon, Todt, Citarella, Kohn, Meyer, Santos, Schander, Moroz, Lieb & Halanych 2011
Class Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758 - bivalves
Subclass Autobranchia Grobben, 1894
Superorder Heteroconchia Gray, 1854
Clade Heterodonta Neumayr, 1884
Order Venerida Gray, 1854
Superfamily Mactroidea Lamarck, 1809
Family Mactridaeᵀ Lamarck, 1809 - surf clams
Subfamily Mactrinaeᵀ Lamarck, 1809
Genus Spisula Gray, 1837
Spisula elliptica (Brown)
Spisula falcata (Gould, 1850) - hooked surfclam
Spisula polynyma (Stimpson, 1860) - Stimpson's surf clam
Spisula sachalinensis (Schrenck, 1862) - Sakhalin surf clam
Spisula solida (C. Linnaeus, 1758) - solid trough clam
Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn, 1817) - Atlantic surfclam
Spisula subtruncata (da Costa, 1778) - subtruncate trough clam
1 Subgenus Spisula (Crassula) Marwick, 1948
2 Subgenus Spisula (Hemimactra) Swainson, 1840
3 Subgenus Spisula (Notospisula) Iredale, 1930
4 Subgenus Spisula (Oxyperas) Mörch, 1853
5 Subgenus Spisula (Pseudoxyperas) Sacco, 1901
6 Subgenus †Spisula (Ruellia) Cossmann, 1913
7 Subgenus Spisula (Spisula)ᵀ Gray, 1837
8 Subgenus Spisula (Standella) Gray, 1853
9 Subgenus Spisula (Symmorphomactra) Dall, 1894