life see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Eucarya Woese, Kandler & Wheelis, 1990 see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Plantae Haeckel, 1866 see [unranked] Embryophyta Endlicher, 1836
       viridophytes - green plants
         streptophytes
           charophytes see Phylum Charophyta Rabenhorst (1863)
             embryophytes - land plants see Superphylum Embryophyta Crane et al. (2004)
               core land plants
                 polysporangiophytes
                   tracheophytes - vascular plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998)
                     euphyllophytes see Subphylum Euphyllophytina
                       monilophytes - ferns see Infraphylum Moniliformopses Kenrick & Crane, 1997, nom. inval.
                         Polypodiidae Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) see Class Polypodiopsida Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966)
                           Schizaeales Schimp.