Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Craniata auct.
Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
[crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
[crown] Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
Subclass Euselachii Hay, 1902 - sharks, rays, and related fossils
Infraclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838
Division Batomorphi - rays
Order Rajiformes Berg, 1940 - skates
Family Rajidaeᵀ Blainville, 1816 - hardnose skates
01 Genus Amblyraja Malm, 1877
02 Genus Breviraja Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948
03 Genus Caliraja Ebert, 2022
04 Genus Dactylobatus Bean & Weed, 1909
05 Genus Dipturus Rafinesque, 1810
06 Genus Leucoraja Malm, 1877
07 Genus Malacoraja Stehmann, 1970
08 Genus Neoraja McEachran & Compagno, 1982
09.1 Genus Okamejei Ishiyama, 1958
09.2 Genus Dentiraja Whitley, 1940 [monotypic]
10 Genus Orbiraja Last, Weigmann & Dumale, 2016
11.1 Genus Rajaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - skates
11.2 Genus Beringraja Ishihara, Treloar, Bor, Senou & Jeong, 2012 [monotypic]
11.3 Genus Hongeo Jeong & Nakabo, 2009 [monotypic]
12 Genus Rajella Stehmann, 1970
13 Genus Rostroraja Hulley, 1972 [monotypic]
14 Genus Spiniraja Whitley, 1939
15 Genus Zearaja Whitley, 1939