Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Chondrichthiomorphi
Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
Subclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838 - shark-like fishes
Infraclass Euselachii Hay, 1902 - sharks and rays, and related fossils
Division Neoselachii Compagno, 1977
Subdivision Batoidea - rays
Order Rajiformes Berg, 1940 - skates
Family Rajidaeᵀ Blainville, 1816 - skates
Genus Rajaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - skates
01 Raja ackleyi Garman, 1881 - ocellate skate
02 Raja africana Capapé, 1977, nom. illeg. - African ray
03 Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809 - starry skate
04 Raja bahamensis Bigelow & Schroeder, 1965
05 Raja brachyura Lafont, 1871 - blonde ray
06 Raja cervigoni Bigelow & Schroeder, 1964 - finspot ray
07 Raja chinensis Basilewsky, 1855
08 Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 - thornback skate
09 Raja cortezensis McEachran & Miyake, 1988 - Cortez' ray
10 Raja eglanteria Bosc, 1800 - clearnose skate
11 Raja equatorialis Jordan & Bollman, 1890 - Equatorial ray
12 Raja herwigi Krefft, 1965
13 Raja inornata Jordan & Gilbert, 1881 - California ray
14 Raja karagea Tanaka, 1927
15 Raja macrorynchus Rafinesque, 1810
16 Raja maderensis Lowe, 1838 - Madeiran ray
17 Raja microocellata Montagu, 1818 - owl ray
18 Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758 - brown ray
19 Raja montagui Fowler, 1910 - Homelyn ray
20 Raja polystigma Regan, 1923 - speckled ray
21 Raja pulchra Liu, 1932 - mottled skate
22 Raja radula Delaroche, 1809 - rough ray
23 Raja rhina Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 - longnose skate
24 Raja rondeleti Bougis, 1959 - Rondelet's ray
25 Raja rouxi Capapé, 1977
26 Raja stellulata Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 - starry skate
27 Raja straeleni Poll, 1951 - biscuit skate
28 Raja texana Chandler, 1921 - Roundel skate
29 Raja undulata Lacépède, 1802 - painted ray
30 Raja velezi Chirichigno F., 1973 - Velez ray