Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                 Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                   Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
                     Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
                       Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
                         Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                           Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                             Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
                               Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                     Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                       Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                           Subphylum Craniata auct.
                                             Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
                                               Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
                                                 Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
                                                   [crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
                                                     [crown] Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
                                                       Subclass Euselachii Hay, 1902 - sharks, rays, and related fossils
                                                         Infraclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838
                                                           Division Batomorphi - rays
                                                             Order Myliobatiformes Compagno, 1973 - stingrays
                                                               0 [Suborder Myliobatoideiᵀ Compagno, 1973] see Order Myliobatiformes Compagno, 1973
                                                               1 Genus †Asterotrygon de Carvalho, Maisey & Grande, 2004
                                                               2 Family †Rhombodontidae Cappetta, 1987
                                                               3 Family Zanobatidae Fowler, 1934 [monotypic] - panrays
                                                               3.0 [Suborder Zanobatoidei [monotypic]] see Order Myliobatiformes Compagno, 1973
                                                               4 Family Hexatrygonidae Heemstra & Smith, 1980 [monotypic] - sixgill stingrays
                                                               5.1 Family Dasyatidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1879 - whiptail stingrays
                                                               5.2 Family Potamotrygonidae Garman, 1877 - neotropical stingrays
                                                               6 Family Urotrygonidae McEachran, Dunn & Miyake, 1996 - American round stingrays
                                                               7 Family Gymnuridae Fowler, 1934 [monotypic] - butterfly rays
                                                               8.1 Family Plesiobatidae Nishida, 1990 [monotypic] - deepwater stingrays
                                                               8.1.0 [Family Plesiobatididae Nishida, 1990] see Family Plesiobatidae Nishida, 1990
                                                               8.2 Family Urolophidae Müller & Henle, 1841 - round stingrays
                                                               9 [Superfamily Myliobatoideaᵀ] see Order Myliobatiformes Compagno, 1973
                                                               9.1.1 Family Aetobatidae Agassiz, 1858 [monotypic] - pelagic eagle rays
                                                               9.1.2 Family Myliobatidaeᵀ Bonaparte, 1835 - eagle rays
                                                               9.2 Family Rhinopteridae Jordan & Evermann, 1896 - cownose rays
                                                               9.3 Family Mobulidae Gill, 1893 [monotypic] - mantas
                                                               9.3.0 [Superfamily Mobuloidea]
                                                               x [Suborder Platyrhinoidei [monotypic]] see Order Torpediniformes de Buen, 1926