Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Chondrichthiomorphi
Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
Subclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838 - shark-like fishes
Infraclass Euselachii Hay, 1902 - sharks and rays, and related fossils
Division Neoselachii Compagno, 1977
Subdivision Batoidea - rays
Order Myliobatiformes Compagno, 1973 - stingrays
Suborder Myliobatoideiᵀ Compagno, 1973
Superfamily Dasyatoidea Whitley, 1940
Family Potamotrygonidae Garman, 1877 - river stingrays
Genus Potamotrygonᵀ Garman, 1877
Potamotrygon roulini Roberts, 2020
01 Potamotrygon boesemani Rosa, Carvalho & Wanderley, 2008
02 Potamotrygon brachyura (Günther, 1880) - shorttailed river stingray
03 Potamotrygon castexi Castello & Yagolkowski, 1969
04 Potamotrygon constellata (Vaillant, 1880)
05 Potamotrygon falkneri Castex & Maciel, 1963
06 Potamotrygon henlei (Castelnau, 1855) - Tocantins River Ray
07 Potamotrygon histrix (Müller & Henle, 1834)
08 Potamotrygon leopoldi Castex & Castello, 1970 - Xingu River ray
09 Potamotrygon magdalenae (Valenciennes, 1865)
10 Potamotrygon marinae Deynat, 2006
11 Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841) - South American freshwater stingray
11.0 "Potomotrygon motoro"
12 Potamotrygon ocellata (Engelhardt, 1912)
13 Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855)
14 Potamotrygon schroederi Fernández-Yépez, 1957
15 Potamotrygon schuhmacheri Castex, 1964
16 Potamotrygon scobina Garman, 1913
17 Potamotrygon signata Garman, 1913
18 Potamotrygon yepezi Castex & Castello, 1970