[organisms] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Pisces
     Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 - bony fishes and tetrapods see Clade Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
       Order Perciformes Bleeker, 1859 - perches
         Family Sparidae Rafinesque, 1818 - porgys and seabreams
           Genus Sparus Linnaeus, 1758
             1 Sparus auratus Linnaeus, 1758, nom. illeg. - Gilt head bream see Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758