[organisms]
see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 2 [inferred name]; Count: 3p;9c;105o;30f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †1p;2c;78o;164f;44g;14s
Eukaryotes
see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 2, fig. 1.1 [out of scope]; Count: 3p;9c;105o;30f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †1p;2c;78o;164f;44g;14s
Metazoa Haeckel 1874 - multicellular animals
see Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 2 [out of scope]; Count: 3p;9c;105o;30f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †1p;2c;78o;164f;44g;14s
Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
see Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 2 [out of scope]; Count: 3p;9c;105o;30f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †1p;2c;78o;164f;44g;14s
Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908 - deuterostomes
see Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 2, 6, box 1.1 [out of scope]; Count: 3p;9c;105o;30f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †1p;2c;78o;164f;44g;14s
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: [389], box 1.1; Count: 9c;105o;30f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †2c;78o;164f;41g;14s
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: [389], boxes 1.1, 3.1; Count: 9c;105o;30f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †2c;78o;164f;38g;14s
Infraphylum Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
see Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 390, box 3.1, fig. 3.12; Count: 8c;105o;30f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †2c;69o;164f;35g;14s
Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 - bony fishes
see [unranked] Euteleostomi
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 391, fig. 3.12; Count: [o†o] 6c;96o;30f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †55o;160f;35g;14s
Subclass Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
see Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 62, 393, box 3.6; Count: 6c;65o;25f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †47o;140f;34g;14s
Infraclass Crossopterygii Huxley, 1861
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 393, box 3.6; Count: [o†o] 6c;64o;25f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †47o;140f;34g;14s
Infraclass Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
see [unranked] Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 3.6; Count: 6c;63o;25f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †45o;140f;34g;14s
Superorder Osteolepidida Boulenger, 1901
see [unranked] Osteolepidimorpha
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 393, box 3.6; Count: 6c;63o;25f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †44o;140f;34g;14s
Superclass Tetrapoda Goodrich, 1930 - tetrapods
see Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 393, boxes 3.6, 4.1; Count: 6c;63o;25f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †42o;138f;32g;14s
Class Unnamed
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 394; Count: 4c;60o;25f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †41o;114f;27g;14s
Superorder Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
see [unranked] Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 394, box 4.5; Count: 4c;60o;25f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †38o;114f;27g;14s
Batrachosauria
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 4.5; Count: 4c;60o;25f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †37o;114f;27g;14s
Series Amniota Haeckel, 1866
see Clade Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 394, boxes 4.5, 5.1; Count: 4c;60o;25f;5g;1s; ‡3f;1g; †35o;114f;27g;14s
Class Sauropsida Huxley, 1864
see Clade Reptilia Linnaeus 1758 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988], nom. cl. inval.
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 394, box 5.1; Count: 1c;32o;4f;1g; ‡1g; †13o;75f;12g
Subclass Diapsida Osborn, 1903 - diapsids
see Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 395, boxes 5.1, 8.8; Count: 1c;31o;4f;1g; ‡1g; †13o;65f;12g
Neodiapsida Benton 1985
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 5.1, fig. 6.6; Count: -
Infraclass Archosauromorpha Huene, 1946
see Clade Archosauromorpha Huene 1946 [Benton 1985], nom. cl. inval.
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 396, fig. 6.6; Count: 1c;29o;3f;1g; ‡1g; †8o;57f;12g
Division Archosauria Cope, 1869
see Clade Archosauria Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 1985], nom. cl. inval.
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 396, boxes 6.1, 8.8, fig. 6.6; Count: 1c;29o;3f;1g; ‡1g; †7o;55f;12g
Avesuchia Benton, 1999
see Clade Archosauria Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 1985], nom. cl. inval.
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 6.1; Count: -
Subdivision Avemetatarsalia Benton, 1999
see Clade Avemetatarsalia Benton 1999
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 396, box 6.1; Count: 1c;28o;1g; ‡1g; †7o;38f;12g
Infradivision Ornithodira Gauthier, 1986
see Clade Ornithodira Gauthier 1986
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 396, boxes 6.1, 8.8; Count: 1c;28o;1g; ‡1g; †7o;38f;11g
Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985 [Sereno 1991], nom. cl. inval.
see Clade Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 6.1; Count: -
Dinosauriformes Novas 1992, nom. cl. inval.
see Clade Dinosauriformes Novas 1992 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 6.1; Count: -
Superorder Dinosauria Owen, 1841 - dinosaurs
see Clade Dinosauria Owen 1842 [Langer, Novas, Bittencourt, Ezcurra & Gauthier 2020]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 396, boxes 6.1, 8.5, 8.8; Count: 1c;28o;1g; ‡1g; †6o;38f;9g
Order Saurischia Seeley, 1887
see Clade Saurischia Seeley 1888 [Gauthier, Langer, Novas, Bittencourt & Ezcurra 2020]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 396, box 8.5; Count: 1c;27o;1g; ‡1g; †5o;26f;9g
Suborder Theropoda Marsh, 1881
see Clade Theropoda Marsh 1881 [Naish, Cau, Holtz Jr., Fabbri & Gauthier 2020]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 397, box 8.5; Count: 1c;27o;1g; ‡1g; †5o;15f;7g
Infraorder Tetanurae Gauthier, 1986
see Clade Tetanurae Gauthier 1986
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 397, box 8.5; Count: 1c;27o;1g; ‡1g; †5o;13f;7g
Division Coelurosauria Huene, 1914
see Clade Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 397, box 8.5; Count: 1c;27o;1g; ‡1g; †5o;9f;7g
Subdivision Maniraptoriformes Holtz, 1996
see Clade Maniraptoriformes Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 397, box 8.5; Count: 1c;27o;1g; ‡1g; †5o;8f;7g
Infradivision Maniraptora Gauthier, 1986
see Clade Maniraptora Gauthier 1986
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 196-198, 397, box 8.5; Count: 1c;27o;1g; ‡1g; †5o;6f;7g
Class Aves Linnaeus, 1758 - birds
see Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 397, 398, boxes 8.5, 9.2; Count: 27o;1g; ‡1g; †5o;2f;7g
Subclass Pygostylia Chiappe, 2002
see Clade Pygostylia Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 398, box 9.2; Count: [o] 27o;1g; ‡1g; †5o;1f;5g
Infraclass Ornithothoraces Chiappe, 1995
see Clade Ornithothoraces Chiappe 1995
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 398, box 9.2; Count: [o] 27o;1g; ‡1g; †4o;5g
Supercohort Ornithomorpha nom. null.
see Supercohort Ornithuromorpha Chiappe, 2002
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 398, box 9.2; Count: [o] 27o;1g; ‡1g; †3o;5g
Cohort Ornithurae Haeckel, 1866
see Clade Ornithurae Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 398, box 9.2; Count: [o] 27o;1g; ‡1g; †3o;3g
Subcohort Carinatae Merrem, 1813
see Clade Carinatae Merrem 1813 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001]
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 398, box 9.2; Count: [o] 27o;1g; ‡1g; †2o;3g
Superdivision Neornithes Gadow, 1893
see Subclass Neornithes Gadow, 1893
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 398, box 9.2; Count: [o] 27o;1g; ‡1g; †1o;3g
Division Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
see Cohort Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 398, boxes 9.2, 9.4; Count: [o] 26o
Subdivision Neoaves Sibley et al., 1988
see Subcohort Neoaves Sibley et al., 1988
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 398, box 9.4; Count: [o] 24o
Superorder "waterbird assemblage"
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 398; Count: [o] 11o
Infraorder unnamed
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399; Count: [o] 7o
Order Charadriiformes Huxley, 1867 - shorebirds, gulls, auks
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399, box 9.4; Count: -