Phylum Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996) see Infraphylum Angiospermae auct.
   Class Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843)
     Subclass Lamiidae Takht. ex Reveal (1993) see [unranked] lamiids
       Superorder Lamianae Takht. (1967) see Order Lamiales Bromhead (1838)
         Order Gesneriales Dumort. (1829) see Order Lamiales Bromhead (1838)