Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
"neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
scotokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 2000
podiates Cavalier-Smith 2012 [nom. cl. nov.]
Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [nom. cl. nov.]
Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004 [nom. cl. nov.]
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002 [nom. cl. nov.]
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
[crown] Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Zittel, 1879 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Osteolepidimorpha
Tetrapoda Goodrich, 1930
Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
Amniota Haeckel, 1866 - amniotes
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Laurin 1991]
Neodiapsida Benton 1985 [Laurin 1991] {Reisz, Modesto & Scott 2011}
[crown] Sauria McCartney 1802 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Subclass Lepidosauromorpha Benton, 1983
Superorder Lepidosauriformes
Order Squamata Oppel, 1811
Bifurcata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Unidentata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Episquamata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Toxicofera Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Ophidia Brongniart, 1800
Suborder Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758 - snakes
Infraorder Alethinophidia Nopcsa, 1923
Afrophidia Vidal, Delmas & Hedges, 2007
Caenophidia Hoffstetter, 1939
Superfamily Colubroidea Oppel, 1811
1 Family †Anomalophiidae Auffenberg, 1959
2 Family †Russellophiidae Rage, 1975
3 Family Xenodermidae Gray, 1849
4.1.1 Family Pareatidae Hoffmann, 1890
4.1.2 Family Viperidae Oppel, 1811 - vipers and pit vipers
4.2.1.1 Family Homalopsidae Jan, 1863
4.2.1.2 Family Lamprophiidae Fitzinger, 1843 [paraphyletic]
4.2.1.2.n Family Elapidae Boie, 1827
4.2.2 Family Colubridaeᵀ Oppel, 1811 - colubrids