vascular plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998)
   euphyllophytes see Clade Euphyllophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
     monilophytes - ferns see Clade Monilophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Doyle, Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
       Class Polypodiopsida Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) - ferns
         core leptosporangiates
           1 Order Salviniales Link (1833) - water ferns
           2.1 Order Cyatheales A.B.Frank (1877) - tree ferns
           2.2 Order Polypodiales Link (1833) - cathetogyrates