Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade "neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
                 Clade neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
                   Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878
                     Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
                       Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants
                         Infrakingdom Streptophyta Caval.-Sm. (1993)
                           [crown] Clade Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Hall, McCourt, Delwiche, Mishler & Karol 2020]
                             [crown] Clade Embryophytaᵀ Engler 1887 [Mishler & Qiu 2020]
                               Clade Pan-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
                                 Clade Apo-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
                                   [crown] Phylum Tracheophytaᵀ Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998) - vascular plants
                                     Clade Pan-Euphyllophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
                                       [crown] Clade Euphyllophytaᵀ Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
                                         Clade Pan-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
                                           Clade Lignophytaᵀ Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval.
                                             Clade Apo-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
                                               [crown] Subphylum Spermatophytinaᵀ Caval.-Sm. (1998) - seed plants
                                                 Family Sarcospermataceae
                                                 1 Class Cycadopsida Brongn. (1843)
                                                 2.1.1 Class †Peltaspermopsida Doweld (2001), sedis mutabilis
                                                 2.1.2 Class †Dictyopteridiopsida Doweld (2001), sedis mutabilis
                                                 2.1.3 Class †Caytoniopsida H.H.Thomas ex Frenguelli (1946), sedis mutabilis [monotypic]
                                                 2.2.1.1 Class †Cycadeoideopsida D.H.Scott (1923) [monotypic]
                                                 2.2.1.2 Class †Pentoxylopsida D.D.Pant (1959) [monotypic]
                                                 2.2.2.1 Class Ginkgoopsida Engl. (1897), sedis mutabilis
                                                 2.2.2.2 Class Pinopsida Burnett (1835), sedis mutabilis
                                                 2.2.2.3.1 Clade Pan-Gnetophyta Doyle, Donoghue & Cantino 2007 [Doyle, Donoghue & Cantino 2020]
                                                 2.2.2.3.2 Clade Pan-Angiospermae Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Doyle, Cantino & Donoghue 2020]