Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Protostomia Grobben, 1908
Superphylum Ecdysozoa Aguinaldo, Turbeville, Linford, Rivera, Garey, Raff & Lake, 1997
Panarthropoda Nielsen, 1995 - panarthropods
Tactopoda Budd, 2001
Phylum Arthropoda Siebold, 1848 - arthropods
Euarthropoda
Antennulata
Subphylum Mandibulata Snodgrass, 1938
Infraphylum Pancrustacea ZrzavĂ˝ & Ĺ tys, 1997
Altocrustacea
Miracrustacea
Superclass Hexapoda Latreille, 1825
Cercophora
Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758 - insects
Subclass Dicondylia Haeckel, 1866
Infraclass Pterygota Lang, 1888
Metapterygota
Neoptera Martynov, 1923
Eumetabola
Holometabola
Superorder Panorpida
Antliophora
Halteria
Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758 - true flies, mosquitoes, gnats
Suborder Brachycera Zetterstedt, 1842
Cyclorrhapha
Infraorder Muscomorpha Sharp, 1894
Schizophora
Acalyptratae
Superfamily Ephydroidea Zetterstedt, 1837
Family Drosophilidae Rondani, 1856 - pomace flies
Subfamily Drosophilinaeáµ€ Rondani, 1856
Genus Drosophilaᵀ Fallén, 1823 - fruit flies
Drosophila acanthoptera Wheeler, 1949
Drosophila acutilabella Stalker, 1953
Drosophila adiastola Hardy, 1965
Drosophila affinidisjuncta Hardy, 1978
Drosophila affinis Sturtevant, 1916
Drosophila aglaia Hardy, 1965
Drosophila alabamensis Sturtevant, 1918
Drosophila albipes Walker, 1852
Drosophila albomicans (Duda, 1924)
Drosophila aldrichi Patterson & Crow, 1940
Drosophila algonquin Sturtevant & Dobzhansky, 1936
Drosophila alsophila Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1971
Drosophila ambigua Pomini, 1940
Drosophila americana Spencer, 1938
Drosophila ampelophila Loew, 1862
Drosophila ananassae Doleschall, 1858
Drosophila arawakana Heed, 1962
Drosophila asahinai Okada, 1964
Drosophila assita Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1969
Drosophila athabasca Sturtevant & Dobzhansky, 1936
Drosophila atrimentum Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1971
Drosophila atripex Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila attigua Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1969
Drosophila auraria Peng, 1937
Drosophila azteca Sturtevant & Dobzhansky, 1936
Drosophila bakoue Tascas & Lachaise, 1974
Drosophila balioptera Hardy, 1965
Drosophila barbarae Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila basdeni Wheeler, 1957
Drosophila basisetae Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila biarmipes Malloch, 1924
Drosophila biauraria Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila bicornuta Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila bifasciata Pomini, 1940
Drosophila bifurca Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
Drosophila bipectinata Duda, 1923
Drosophila bocki Baimai, 1979
Drosophila bocqueti Tsacas & Lachaise, 1974
Drosophila borealis Patterson, 1952
Drosophila bostrycha Hardy, 1965
Drosophila brevis Walker, 1852
Drosophila brooksi Pipkin, 1961
Drosophila burlai Tscas & Lachaise, 1974
Drosophila busckii Coquillett, 1901
Drosophila buzzatii Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
Drosophila camargoi Dobzhansky & Pavan, 1950
Drosophila cardini Sturtevant, 1916
Drosophila cauverii Muniyappa, Reddy & Prakash, 1982
Drosophila chauvacae Tsacas, 1984
Drosophila ciliaticrus Hardy, 1965
Drosophila cilifera Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila clavisetae (Hardy, 1967)
Drosophila claytonae Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1969
Drosophila cogani Tsacas & Disney, 1974
Drosophila conspicua Grimshaw, 1901
Drosophila crassifemur
Drosophila crucigera Grimshaw, 1902
Drosophila cyrtoloma Hardy, 1969
Drosophila davidi Tsacas, 1975
Drosophila differens Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1975
Drosophila digressa Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila diplacantha Tsacas & David, 1978
Drosophila discreta Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila disjuncta Hardy, 1965
Drosophila distinguenda Hardy, 1965
Drosophila divaricata Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1971
Drosophila dossoui Chassagnard, 1991
Drosophila elegans Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila engyochracea Hardy, 1965
Drosophila equinoxialis Dobzhansky, 1946
Drosophila ercepeae Tsacas & David, 1975
Drosophila erecta Tsacas & Lachaise, 1974
Drosophila eugracilis Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila euronotus Patterson & Ward, 1952
Drosophila ezoana Takada & Okada, 1957
Drosophila fasciata Meigen, 1830
Drosophila fasciculisetae Hardy, 1965
Drosophila fenestrarum
Drosophila ficusphila Kikkawa & Peng, 1938
Drosophila flavomontana Patterson, 1952
Drosophila flavopilosa Frey, 1918
Drosophila flexipes Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila formella Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1972
Drosophila formosana Duda, 1926
Drosophila fumida
Drosophila funebris (Fabricius, 1787)
Drosophila glabriapex Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila gradata Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila greeni Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila grimshawi Oldenberg, 1914
Drosophila guanche Monclus, 1977
Drosophila guaru Dobzhansky & Pavan, 1943
Drosophila gymnobasis Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1971
Drosophila gymnophallus Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1975
Drosophila hamifera Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila hanaulae Hardy, 1969
Drosophila hawaiiensis Grimshaw, 1901
Drosophila heedi Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1971
Drosophila helvetica Burla, 1948
Drosophila hemipeza (Hardy, 1965)
Drosophila heteroneura (Perkins, 1910)
Drosophila hexachaetae Hardy, 1965
Drosophila hirtipalpus Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila huntzel
Drosophila hydei Sturtevant, 1921
Drosophila imaii Moriwaki & Okada, 1967
Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant, 1921
Drosophila inedita Hardy, 1965
Drosophila ingens Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1971
Drosophila insularis Dobzhansky, 1957
Drosophila iri Burla, 1954
Drosophila jambulina Parshad & Paika, 1965
Drosophila kanekoi Watabe & Higuchi, 1979
Drosophila kikkawai Burla, 1954
Drosophila kuntzei Duda, 1924
Drosophila lacicola Patterson, 1944
‡Drosophila lanaiensis Grimshaw, 1901
Drosophila lasiopoda Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1975
Drosophila leontia Tsacas & David, 1978
Drosophila levii Tsacas, 1988
Drosophila libellulosa Tsacas & Legrand, 1979
Drosophila limbata Williston, 1896
Drosophila limitata Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila lineosetae Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila lini Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila liophallus Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila littoralis Meigen, 1830
Drosophila lucipennis Lin, 1972
Drosophila lummei Hackman, 1972
Drosophila lutescens Okada, 1975
Drosophila macrothrix Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila madeirensis Monclus, 1984
Drosophila malagassya Tsacas & Rafael, 1982
Drosophila malerkotliana Parshad & Paika, 1965
Drosophila mauritiana Tsacas & David, 1974
Drosophila mayaguana Vilela, 1983
Drosophila mediopunctata Dobzhansky Pavan, 1943
Drosophila melanica Sturtevant, 1916
Drosophila melanocephala (Hardy, 1967)
Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830
Drosophila melanura Miller, 1944
Drosophila mercatorum Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
Drosophila mettleri Heed, 1977
Drosophila micromelanica Patterson, 1941
Drosophila micromyia Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1975
Drosophila mimetica Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila mimica Hardy, 1965
Drosophila miranda Dobzhansky, 1935
Drosophila monieri McEvey & Tsacas, 1987
Drosophila montana Stone, Griffen & Patterson, 1941
Drosophila montgomeryi Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1971
Drosophila mulleri Sturtevant, 1921
Drosophila murphyi Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1969
Drosophila musaphilia Hardy, 1965
Drosophila nagarholensis Prakash & Reddy, 1980
Drosophila nebulosa Sturtevant, 1916
Drosophila neogrimshawi Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila neoperkinsi Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila neopicta Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila nigra Grimshaw, 1901
Drosophila nigribasis Hardy, 1969
Drosophila nigromelanica Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
Drosophila nikananu Burla, 1954
Drosophila nitidithorax
Drosophila novamexicana Patterson, 1941
Drosophila oahuensis (Grimshaw, 1901)
Drosophila obatai Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1972
Drosophila obscura Fallen, 1823
Drosophila obscuripes (Grimshaw, 1901)
Drosophila ocellata Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1969
Drosophila ochracea Grimshaw, 1901
Drosophila ochrobasis Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila odontophallus Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila orena Tsacas & David, 1978
Drosophila ornata Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1969
Drosophila orphnopeza Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila orthofascia Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila pachea Patterson & Wheeler, 1942
Drosophila paenehamifera Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1969
Drosophila pallidosa Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila paramelanica Patterson, 1942
Drosophila paucicilia Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1971
Drosophila paucipuncta Grimshaw, 1901
Drosophila paulistorum Dobzhansky & Pavan, 1949
Drosophila peniculipedis Hardy, 1965
Drosophila persimilis Dobzhansky & Epling, 1944
Drosophila phalerata Meigen, 1830
Drosophila picta Zetterstedt, 1847
Drosophila picticornis Grimshaw, 1901
Drosophila pilimana Grimshaw, 1901
Drosophila planitibia (Hardy, 1967)
Drosophila primaeva Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila prolaticilia Hardy, 1965
Drosophila prosaltans Duda, 1927
Drosophila prostopalpis Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila pseudoananassae Bock, 1971
Drosophila pseudoobscura Frolova & Astaurov, 1929
Drosophila psilophallus Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1971
Drosophila psilotarsalis Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1975
Drosophila pullipes Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1972
Drosophila punalua Bryan, 1934
Drosophila punjabiensis Parshad & Paika, 1965
Drosophila quadraria Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila recticilia Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila repleta Wollaston, 1858
Drosophila repleta species group
Drosophila reynoldsiae Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1972
Drosophila robusta Sturtevant, 1916
Drosophila rufa Kikkawa & Peng, 1938
Drosophila saltans Sturtevant, 1916
Drosophila santomea Lachaise & Harry, 2000
Drosophila sechellia Tsacas & Bachli, 1981
Drosophila sejuncta Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila serrata Malloch, 1927
Drosophila setosifrons Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila setosimentum Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila silvarentis Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila silvestris (Perkins, 1910)
Drosophila simulans Sturtevant, 1919
Drosophila sobrina Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1971
Drosophila sodomae Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila spaniothrix Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila speciosa Silva & Martins, 2004
Drosophila spectabilis Grimshaw
Drosophila sproati Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila sturtevanti Duda, 1927
Drosophila subobscura Collin, 1936
Drosophila subsilvestris Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila substenoptera Hardy, 1969
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931)
Drosophila takahashii Sturtevant, 1927
Drosophila tarphytrichia Hardy, 1965
Drosophila teissieri Tsacas, 1971
Drosophila touchardiae Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1972
Drosophila transversa Fallen, 1823
Drosophila triauraria Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila tripunctata Loew, 1862
Drosophila tristis Fallen, 1823
Drosophila tropicalis Burla & Cunha, 1949
Drosophila truncipenna Hardy, 1965
Drosophila tsacasi Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila turbata Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1969
Drosophila uniseriata Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila varians Bock & Wheeler, 1972
Drosophila varipennis (Grimshaw)
Drosophila vesciseta Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila villitibia Hardy, 1965
Drosophila villosipedis Hardy, 1965
Drosophila virgulata Hardy & Kaneshiro, 1968
Drosophila virilis Sturtevant, 1916
Drosophila vulcana Graber, 1957
Drosophila watanabei Gupta, 1992
Drosophila wheeleri Patterson & Alexander, 1952
Drosophila willistoni Sturtevant, 1916
Drosophila yakuba Burla, 1954