vascular plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998)
   euphyllophytes see Subphylum Euphyllophytina
     monilophytes - ferns see Infraphylum Moniliformopses Kenrick & Crane, 1997, nom. inval.
       Class Polypodiopsida Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) - ferns
         core leptosporangiates
           1 Order Salviniales Britton (1901) - water ferns
           2.1 Order Cyatheales A.B. Frank (1877) - tree ferns
           2.2 Order Polypodiales Link (1833) - polypods