Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia

Current position

Nephrozoa (Clade) Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002

Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1b); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.

Alternative positions

Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 111.
Eubilateria ([unranked]) Ax, 1987	Ref: J.M. Mallatt et al., 2004: 180. [indirect]

Historical positions

Nephrozoa (Clade) Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002	Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1c).
Nephrozoa (Clade) Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe). [out of scope (coherent)]
Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 119; 111.
Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: D.P. Gordon, 2009: 19.
Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: fig. 9.26A-B.
Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: J.M. Mallatt et al., 2004: 180. [indirect]
Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172.
Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: C. Nielsen, 2001: 103-122, figs. 1.2, 9.1.
Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: C. Nielsen, 1995
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 118; 117.

Number of Subtaxa

1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 24 May 2016	[23p]
2015	M.J. Benton: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe)	[22p]
2010	E.J. van Nieukerken: 119	[22p];~1,395,750s
2001	K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse	[23p]
1995	C. Nielsen	[19p]