Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia

Phylogeny

Branch-based clade

Ref: U. Jondelius et al., 2002: 201 (abstract). [inferred]

Defined by the more inclusive clade (except the excluded taxon)

Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888

Ref: U. Jondelius et al., 2002: 201 (abstract) ("bilaterians").

Defined by excluded taxon

Acoela ([unranked]) Uljanin, 1870		Ref: U. Jondelius et al., 2002: 201 (abstract).
Nemertodermatida ([unranked]) Karling, 1940		Ref: U. Jondelius et al., 2002: 201 (abstract).

Current position

Bilateria (Subkingdom) Hatschek, 1888

Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1b); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b. [implicit]

Alternative positions

Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888

Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1b); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b. [implicit]

Historical positions

Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1c).
Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe). [out of scope (coherent)]

Number of Subtaxa

2026	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	28p;82c;511o;5895f;80,016g;211,897s;28,283ss;465v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;518s;110ss;1v; †1p;57c;495o;3123f;12,846g;5212s;107ss;2v;104
2015	M.J. Benton: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe)	[27p]