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Monophyletic taxon:
Subkingdom
Bilateria
Hatschek, 1888
- bilaterians
(animal)
Taxa
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Hierarchy
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Entity:
Planulozoa (Clade)
..Cnidaria (Phylum) - cnidarians
..Placozoa (Phylum)
..Bilateria (Subkingdom) - bilaterians
....Nephrozoa (Clade)
....†Proarticulata (Phylum)
....†Siphusauctidae (Family)
....Xenacoelomorpha (Phylum)
Concise hierarchy
(Kingdom)
Animalia
Phylogeny
Holophyletic
Ref:
G. Giribet et al., 2000
: 544.
Current position
Planulozoa
(Clade)
Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Ref:
M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b
: table 2 (p. 36); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.
[indirect]
Alternative positions
Animalia
(Kingdom)
Linnaeus, 1758
Ref:
M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b
: table 2 (p. 36).
Historical positions
Animalia
(Kingdom)
Linnaeus, 1758
Ref:
M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b
: table 2 (p. 36).
Animalia
(Kingdom)
Linnaeus, 1758
Ref:
T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998
: table 1 (p. 208), table 4 (p. 235).
Animalia
(Kingdom)
Linnaeus, 1758
Ref:
T. Cavalier-Smith, 1993b
: table 1 (p. 955).
Number of Subtaxa
2025
Available in Systema Naturae 2000
29p;82c;525o;5902f;79,571g;212,382s;28,283ss;463v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †2p;59c;488o;3061f;12,404g;5228s;107ss;2v;104
1989-present
Systema Naturae 2000
32p
2015b
M.A. Ruggiero et al.
: table 2 (p. 54)
[30p]
1998
T. Cavalier-Smith
[17p]
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Last updated:
21 Sep 2025