Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia

Subsequent positions

Placozoa (Infrakingdom) (Grell, 1971) Cavalier-Smith, 1998

Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: 235. [assumed]

Current position

Planulozoa (Clade) Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004

Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1a); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a. [inferred rank]

Alternative positions

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 6; CoL(17 Aug 2023).
Epitheliozoa ([unranked]) Ax, 1996	Ref: C. Nielsen, 2001: fig. 2.5.
Eumetazoa ([unranked]) Bütschli, 1910	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 111.
Mesozoa ([unranked]) van Beneden, 1876	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 48.
Metazoa (Kingdom) Haeckel, 1874	Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: 94.
Metazoa ([unranked]) Haeckel 1874	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe); Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6. [out of scope (coherent)]
N.N. (Subkingdom)	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 35).
Parazoa (Subkingdom) (Sollas, 1884)	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 212-213.
Phagocytellozoa (Subkingdom)	Ref: K.G. Grell, 1982: 639.
Phagocytellozoa (Superphylum)	Ref: J. van der Land, 2001: 103. [indirect]
Placozoa (Infrakingdom) (Grell, 1971) Cavalier-Smith, 1998	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: 235. [new position]
Placozoomorpha (Kingdom)	Ref: E. Möhn, 1984

Historical positions

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: T. Rees et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 131).
Planulozoa (Clade) Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004	Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1c). [inferred rank]
N.N. (Subkingdom)	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 35).
Metazoa ([unranked]) Haeckel 1874	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe). [out of scope (coherent)]
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 6.
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2011: 9.
Eumetazoa ([unranked]) Bütschli, 1910	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 111.
Metazoa ([unranked]) Haeckel 1874	Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: 94-95, 97, fig. 5.19.
Epitheliozoa ([unranked]) Ax, 1996	Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172, [176]; 201.
Epitheliozoa ([unranked]) Ax, 1996	Ref: C. Nielsen, 2001: 48-50, figs. 1.2, 2.5.
organisms ([unranked])	Ref: J. van der Land, 2001: 103.
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1998
Parazoa (Subkingdom) (Sollas, 1884)	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 212-213.
Placozoa (Infrakingdom) (Grell, 1971) Cavalier-Smith, 1998	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: table 4 (p. 235). [new position]
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: C. Nielsen, 1995
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1995
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 172; 4.
Mesozoa ([unranked]) van Beneden, 1876	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 48. [alternative position]
Placozoomorpha (Kingdom)	Ref: E. Möhn, 1984
Parazoa (Subkingdom) (Sollas, 1884)	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 163, 166-167.
Phagocytellozoa (Subkingdom)	Ref: K.G. Grell, 1982: 639.

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	1f;2g;2s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	[1f;2g;2s]
2020	T. Rees et al.: table 2 (p. 131)	4ng;3g; †0g
2013	Z.-Q. Zhang: 6	1s; †0s
2011	Z.-Q. Zhang: 9	1s
2011	Z.-Q. Zhang: 9	1s
1998	T. Cavalier-Smith	[1g]
1997	TAMU	1g2s
1995	C. Nielsen	1s
1995	C. Nielsen	1g;1s
1990	R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca	1g;1s
1982	K.G. Grell	[2g2s]
1982	L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz	1g1s