Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia

Phylogeny

Paraphyletic/Ancestral (para)

Ref: J.M. Mallatt et al., 2004: 188.

Current position

Hemocoelia ([unranked])

Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: 221.

Alternative positions

Aschelminthes ([unranked]) Grobben, 1910	Ref: C. Nielsen, 1995
Ecdysozoa (Clade) Aguinaldo, Turbeville, Linford, Rivera, Garey, Raff & Lake 1997, nom. cl. inval.	Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172.
ecdysozoans ([unranked])	Ref: J. Bergström & X.-G. Hou, 2003: 332.
Protostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: C. Nielsen, 2001: fig. 1.2.

Historical positions

Ecdysozoa (Clade) Aguinaldo, Turbeville, Linford, Rivera, Garey, Raff & Lake 1997, nom. cl. inval.	Ref: J. Liu et al., 2011: fig. S1. [indirect]
Ecdysozoa (Clade) Aguinaldo, Turbeville, Linford, Rivera, Garey, Raff & Lake 1997, nom. cl. inval.	Ref: G.D. Edgecombe, 2010: 75.
Ecdysozoa (Clade) Aguinaldo, Turbeville, Linford, Rivera, Garey, Raff & Lake 1997, nom. cl. inval.	Ref: J.M. Mallatt et al., 2004: 188. [invalid/synonym] [implicit]
ecdysozoans ([unranked])	Ref: J. Bergström & X.-G. Hou, 2003: 332; fig. 11.
Ecdysozoa (Clade) Aguinaldo, Turbeville, Linford, Rivera, Garey, Raff & Lake 1997, nom. cl. inval.	Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172.
Protostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: C. Nielsen, 2001: 320-323, figs. 1.2, 9.1.
Aschelminthes ([unranked]) Grobben, 1910	Ref: C. Nielsen, 1995

Number of Subtaxa

2001	K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse	[5p]
1995	C. Nielsen	[6p]