Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Porifera - (Class) Demospongiae

Ancestor

Possibly †Sigmatosclerophorida (Order) Burton, 1956

Ref: J.N.A. Hooper et al., 2011: 16 (note 8).

Original entries

Latrunculina (Suborder) Kelly & Samaai, 2002

Current position

Heteroscleromorpha (Subclass) Cárdenas, Pérez & Boury-Esnault, 2012

Ref: P. Cárdenas et al., 2012: table 2.11 (p. 174).

Alternative positions

Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper et al., 2011: 16.
Demospongia (Class)	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 33.
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36).

Historical positions

Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36).
Heteroscleromorpha (Subclass) Cárdenas, Pérez & Boury-Esnault, 2012	Ref: P. Cárdenas et al., 2012: table 2.11 (p. 174).
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper et al., 2011: 14.
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper et al., 2011: 16. [alternative position]
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: R.M. Finks & J.K. Rigby, 2004a: 49; 2, table 1 (p. 792).
Demospongia (Class)	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 33.
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper & R.W.M. van Soest, 2002: 403.
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: R.W.M. van Soest, 2001: 91.
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: W.D. Hartman, 1982: 651-652.
Monaxonida (Subclass) Ridley & Dendy, 1887	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979

Number of Subtaxa

2024	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	25f;144g;91s;2v; †2g
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 30 Jul 2018	[25f;144g; †2g]
	R.W.M. van Soest et al.: [24 Feb 2015]	[25f;144g]
2011	J.N.A. Hooper et al.: 14, 16	4so;[25f]; †6f;16s
2004a	R.M. Finks & J.K. Rigby: 51	[6f]
2004	R.M. Finks et al.: table 1 (p. 792)	[6f; †16g]
2002	J.N.A. Hooper & R.W.M. van Soest	[4so;25f]
1982	W.D. Hartman	12f