Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Porifera - (Class) Demospongiae

Current position

Keratosa (Subclass) Grant, 1861

Ref: P. Cárdenas et al., 2012: table 2.11 (p. 174).

Alternative positions

Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper et al., 2011: 15.
Demospongia (Class)	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 34.
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36).

Historical positions

Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36).
Keratosa (Subclass) Grant, 1861	Ref: P. Cárdenas et al., 2012: table 2.11 (p. 174).
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper et al., 2011: 15.
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper et al., 2011: 15. [alternative position]
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: R.M. Finks & J.K. Rigby, 2004a: 43; 2, table 1 (p. 792).
Demospongia (Class)	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 34.
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper & R.W.M. van Soest, 2002: 1021.
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: R.W.M. van Soest, 2001: 100.
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: W.D. Hartman, 1982: 649.
Keratosa (Subclass) Grant, 1861	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979

Number of Subtaxa

2024	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	5f;40g;17s;6ss; †20g
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 15 Feb 2015	[5f;40g]
	R.W.M. van Soest et al.: [15 Feb 2015]	[5f;40g]
2011	J.N.A. Hooper et al.: 15	5f; †2f;5g
2004a	J.K. Rigby: 2	[2f]; †5g
2002	J.N.A. Hooper & R.W.M. van Soest	[4f]
1982	W.D. Hartman	3f[28g]